Summary Nature s Lover - 961 Words

Diego Zavala ENGL 1A Essay 1 â€Å"Nature’s Lover.† Where to go when Nature is everywhere? The choices are plentiful enough that it is difficult to make a choice; instead, I decided to take a drive up north without a clear destination, and stop here or there at my own leisure. This opportunity was apt to practice two of my favorite things in the world, wanderlust and photography, and, at the same time, ponder about Nature and Solitude. I woke up before sunrise, to catch the best light, and started to drive north on the freeway. While crossing the Golden Gate Bridge I noticed that sunrise was in less than forty minutes, there and then I decided my first stop: Slacker Hill. Twenty minutes later, sweaty and out of breath, I reached the top of the hill, wondering why it was called Slacker Hill, since the hike was for no slouch after all. I had my gear unpacked and ready in a few minutes, and started to shoot a few long exposures. A soft wind blew from the Pacific while I gazed, mute, over the horizon. The Sun raised over Earth’s crust, making the light shift from a soft blue to a bright orange, while bathing the Bay Area with its light. Seen from this distance houses and buildings and highrises appeared as mere toys; the view, nonetheless, is breathtaking at sunrise from this side of the bridge, one could get lost in the features that makes the Bay Area’s landscape. Our capability to cram so many buildings within such a small area never ceases to amaze me. However, as I observedShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream1397 Words   |  6 Pageshowever, whether Lysander and Hermia, as well as Demetrius and Helena, actually love each other. While it is the love potion that alters the objects of the men’s affections, one may interpret the juice as a metaphor for lovers’ inconstancy. The juice only contains magic because the male lovers do not possess a fervent and true love. It is significant that Lysander and Demetrius change their minds about whom they love, but Hermia and Helena never waver; perhaps Shakespeare correlates faithfulness with genderRead MoreThis is a summary for Amy Tans Mother Tongue.773 Words   |  3 PagesSummary for Amy Tan s Mother Tongue The essay is chiefly about the writer s own rumination and judgment about how broken English compared to Standard English. Moreover it came to her sense that language not only authorizes individuals to participate as members of a designated community, it is also a essential key in enabling individuals to establish and define the dimensions of their identity. 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Further, the attribute of God’s love can be defined as the perfection of affection which moves God to give of Himself to His creatures continually (Conner, 1980, p. 53). Thus, it can be said that God’s love in not merely anRead MorePuck: The Heart and Soul of A Midsummer Night’s Dream Essay1471 Words   |  6 Pagesdramatic tension that he had created between the lovers. After observing the senseless behavior of the Athenian lovers, Puck exclaims to Oberon, â€Å"Lord, what fools these mortals be† (III.ii.115)! This line, aimed at Lysander’s foolish behavior is meant to be humorous, but it also cleverly addresses the prominent theme of the story: that love is not under human control. Puck is clearly referring to the foolishness and exaggerated emotions of the four lovers in the play; however, Shakespeare also intendsRead MoreCompare Sonnets From The Shakespeare And The Great Gatsby1424 Words   |  6 Pagesby Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (FSF) explore the way love and spirituality have been altered by the composers over the seventy years between the texts. In EBB’S SFP published in 1850, hope, purpose and passion are accentuated. However, by the 1920’s, FSF believes that these concepts have been corrupted and are no longer possible in a materialistic and loveless contemporary America. In EBB’S sonnets, affection is depicted as a powerful force that has the capability to change one’s life for the betterRead MoreAnalysis Of Maud A Monodrama By Alfred Lord Tennyson1083 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Maud: A Monodrama† is the lengthy poem that dominated the first collection published by Alfred, Lord Tennyson after he became poet laureate. In its rich and romantic symbolism, it is characteristic of the great poet s work. Notable, also, is its critique of the hypocrisy and other social failings of Victorian Britain. â€Å"Maud† became one of the best-known poems of the period, and continued to be influential even after its style became dated. !!!Tennyson and ‘’Maud’’ [{Image src= rossetti_tennysonmaud

Bronfenbrenner, An American Developmental Psychologist Who...

Urie Bronfenbrenner was an american developmental psychologist who is most known 0:05 ecological systems theory child felons 0:10 scientific work and his assistant to the United States government 0:13 helped in the formation the head start program in 1965 0:18 I m can bring urs research in his theory whiskey and changing 0:21 perspective developmental psychology by calling attention to the large number of 0:26 environmental 0:27 societal inches on child development 0:31 the model includes four distinct system 0:34 as well as the car on a system which is indicative at the passage of time 0:38 and is present each up the four 0:42 first and most central is Microsoft 0:45 the microsystem small immediate environment 0:48 the child lives in children s Microsystems will include 0:52 any immediate relationships organizations they interact with 0:55 sector media family or caregivers and their school or daycare 1:02 do 1:06 his group or organization interact with the child will have an effect on how the 1:10 child grows 1:11 the morning courage and nurturing relationships and places are 1:15 the better the child will be able to crown furthermore 1:18 how a child ax to react to these people Microsystems perfect how they treat her 1:23 in return 1:24 each child s special genetic and biological implement 1:28 personality traits for tempering end up affecting how others treat 1:34 notice that in the middle of the dry is the child 1:37 every child ecological model is unique each childShow MoreRelatedThe Bronfenbrenner Theory Essay1228 Words   |  5 Pagespassage of time. The chronosystem is exemplified through connections within the ecological model. The ecological model designed by Bronfenbrenner was a response to what the higher power described as ``the science of the strange behavior of children in strange situations with strange adults for the briefest periods of time (Bronfenbrenner , 1977 ,p .513 ) Bronfenbrenner s endeavor helped create a body of research reflecting human development from real-life situations in real-life settings . ThroughRead MoreEcological Systems Theory : Urie Bronfenbrenner1378 Words   |  6 Pages Ecological Systems Theory – Urie Bronfenbrenner Urie Bronfenbrenner was an American developmental psychologist who most is known for his Ecological Systems Theory of child development. Scientific work and his assistance to the United States government helped in the formation the Head Start program in 1965. Bronfenbrenner’s research and his theory was key in changing the perspective in developmental psychology by calling attention to the large number of environmental and societal influencesRead MoreDevelopmental Case Study : Developmental Case History1328 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopmental Case History of Yves In this developmental case history I will be case conceptualizing Yves while integrating the developmental theories of Erik Erikson, Sigmund Freud and Urie Bronfenbrenner. In this developmental case study we will be taking a journey throughout Yves’ life timeline through the lenses of these three theorists in order to get a better understanding of his developmental history, who he is, and the deeper meaning behind his facts of life. Our first theorist, Sigmund FreudRead MoreEssay about Bronfenbrenner Analysis1844 Words   |  8 PagesRunning head: BRONFENBRENNER ANALYSIS Bronfenbrenner Analysis COUN 5004 Survey of Research in Human Development and Behavior Lynette Rollins-Barrett Capella University April 6, 2012 2. Abstract This essay will give a brief description of Urie Bronfenbrenner contribution to the psychology. It will assess Bronfenbrenner ecological theory of development. It will examine the Bronfenbrenner Ecological Model of Human DevelopmentRead MoreA Russian American Psychologist, Urie Brofenbrenner1721 Words   |  7 PagesUrie Brofenbrenner A Russian American psychologist, Urie Brofenbrenner was born on April 29, 1917 in Moscow, Russia. When he was six years old, he moved to the United States, more specifically Pittsburgh for a short stay, until moving in Letchworth Village in New York where his father work as a research director and clinical physiologist at the New York State Institution for the mentally retarded. For education, he attended high school and Haverstraw, New York; after graduation he pursuedRead MoreHuman Development Theories Essay1649 Words   |  7 Pagesreadiness to do things† (Crain, 2011, p. 24). Despite efforts of parents trying to push their child into developing more quickly, the child will begin to develop cephalocaudaly (head to foot) when their nervous system has adequately matured. Although most children develop through the same sequences there may be a variance in the speed of growth (Crain, 2011). Gesell also believed that babies have the ability to self-regulate, given the opportunity they will be able to work out a stable schedule (CrainRead MoreEssay about Developmental Views of Parenting Style and Effectiveness1678 Words   |  7 PagesDevelopmental Views of Parenting Style and Effectiveness Parenting effectiveness and influence have been studied by developmental psychologists who have been interested in the role of parenting and how it may affect the success or failure of children. An important aspect to this area of research is parenting styles. There have been four styles noted and each may have differing outcomes for the children in later life: authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and unengaged/uninvolvedRead MoreConsidering the Present Essay1190 Words   |  5 Pages202 January 16, 2014 Urie Brofenbrenner is an American developmental psychologist who is best known for his Ecological Systems Theory of child development. This theory â€Å"focuses on broad, interconnected influences on human development. It proposes that we can best explain development in terms of the interactions between individuals and the environments in which they live (Mossler, 2013, Chapter 2, Section 2.6, Urie Bronfenbrenner and the Ecological Systems Theory,† para 1). While reviewingRead MoreEYFS Assignment Part 12566 Words   |  11 Pageshome learning environment and school are working in partnership children are more likely to have better attainment (Bernstein 1990). Young children soon form attachments with people or objects, such as their favourite comforter or main carer. Psychologist John Bowlby described this as lasting psychological connectedness between human beings (Bowlby, 1969, p. 194). To encourage parents and children to form attachments, new born babies are passed to their mother for skin to skin contact as soonRead MoreThe Problem Of Homelessness And The Housing Crisis Essay4360 Words   |  18 Pagespredictors of homelessness. Few studies, however, have taken a systems approach to examining housing instability, linking major social institutions such as child welfare, public assistance and criminal justice. Mass incarceration, a growing problem in American society, is affecting an increasing number of children and families across multiple domains. While several recent studies have investigated the effects of paternal incarceration on family finances and parent-child relationships, there has been little

Globalization Between Rich and Poor Countries Free Essays

Globalisation may be the concept of the 1990s, a key by which we understand the transition of human society in to the third millennium. My essay will be focusing on the economic side of it. I will be explaining the MNCs effect on the poor countries in respect to the rich countries ( of course intending developed countries and less developed countries), in order to do so I will first need to introduce the concept of economic development. We will write a custom essay sample on Globalization Between Rich and Poor Countries or any similar topic only for you Order Now We will find that the impact of MNCs on LDCs can be under many aspects crucial to the development of the latter, even though it is important to bare in mind the positive contribution MNCs can bring in to LDCs. However in order to cover all the points of this wide topic, it would have been necessary to look at not only the economic side that there is to it , but as well political, social and cultural sides, which are here only briefly referred to. The main concern of theorists of imperialism has been to explain why rich ( or capitalist ) states behave the way they do toward poor states. With the birth of dozens of new states in the years after the Second World War, interest was sparked on the other side of the imperialistic coin, so to speak. From the point of view of this new states, understanding why states behave imperialistically is only part of the problem. The other part focuses on the question of how best to deal with richer, larger states to achieve economic well-being and political independence. Answers to this questions, so far at least, have been much more numerous than examples of success in attaining these goals. The experience of Third World countries in the four decades since the Second World War has demolished one theory after the other concerning the most effective ways to speed development. In the 1950’s, the United States dominated the world economically, and Americans likewise tended to dominate the discussion about economic development in academic circles as well as in international forums. Even Americans, of course, had a variety of ideas about how the emerging new countries could best achieve economic growth, but a few basic themes and assumptions were widely shared. One implicit assumption was that England, the United States and other industrialised Western countries served as historical model that the new countries should try to emulate in their efforts to develop politically and economically. This emulation meant, in the orthodox view, that the new countries should adopt free enterprise systems based individual initiative and democratic political systems. In general, development theories in the 1950s stressed the importance of internal changes in the new states as the crucial steps toward economic development. On the other point of view, the dependency theorists, do not deny that internal changes are necessary, but from their point of view, orthodox analysts seriously underestimate the extent to which the problems of Third World countries are caused by factors external to those countries and the impact of the international economic and political environment on them. â€Å"It fiddles its accounts. It avoids or evades its taxes. It rings its intra-company transfer prices. It is run by foreigners from decision centres thousands of miles away. It imports foreign labour practices. It doesn’t import foreign labour practices. It overpays. It underpays. It competes unfairly with local firms. It is in cahoots with local firms. It exports jobs from rich countries. It is an instrument of rich countries’ imperialism. The technologies it brings to the third world are old-fashioned. No, they are to modern. It meddles. It bribes. Nobody can control it. It wrecks balances of payments. It overturns economic policies. It plays off governments against each other to get the biggest investment incentives. Won’t it come and invest? Let it bloody come home. (The Economist, January 21, 1976, p. 68) It of course refers to Multinational Corporations. One reason why developing countries turned to bank loans in the late 1970’s involved their suspicion about foreign investments by multinational corporations (MNCs). MNCs provoke some of this suspicion because they so large. In fact, many of them, by some measures , are larger economic units then developing countries. As can be seen in Appendix 1, if we compare the GNPs of countries with the gross annual sale of MNC’s, several of the largest economic units in the world are not states, but corporations. In these terms, General Motors is bigger than Argentina, and Exxon is larger than Algeria or Turkey. Another reason that MNCs in developing countries provoke suspicion is that comparisons of inflows and outflows of capital associated with their activities shows, years after year and place after place, that MNCs take more money out of developing countries then they put in to them. In addition, critics of MNCs point out that these companies do not bring much money in to developing countries in the first place. Instead, they borrow from local sources or reinvest profits that they have earned in foreign countries. â€Å"Over the 1966-1976 period, 4 percent of all net new invested funds of U. S. transnational corporations in the less developed countries where reinvested earnings, 50 percent were funds acquired locally, and only 1 percent funds newly transfered from the United States† (emphasis added). Defenders of MNCs concede that inflows from investments by corporations in developing countries are typically smaller than outflows of repatriated profits. But such comparisons are irrelevant or misleading. The fact that corporations took more money out of Country X in 1998 that they put into that country in that same year does not prove that Country X is being â€Å"decapitalised†, because what comes out from Country X in the form of repatriated profits in that year is not a function of funds going into the country during that time. Rather the profits of 1998 are the result of corporate investments in several preceding years. Such comparison also ignore the facts that once capital is invested in a country (even if it is borrowed from banks within that country), it forms the basis of a stock of capital, which can grow and produce more with each passing year. In other words, once a factory is set up, some of the profits every year will be sent to the MNC’s home country, and it is quite possible that no money will be brought in. But part of the rest of the profits, year after year, will be paid in taxes, and the remainder will be used to expand production, hire new people, and pay more each year in salaries and wages. This argument certainly does not end the controversies surrounding MNCs. They also are blamed for balance-of-trade problems, for using inappropriate capital-intensive technology (in countries where labour is in surplus supply), and for encouraging the rich to indulge in conspicuous consumption of luxury products instead of investing in the productive capacity of their countries, while at the same time persuading the poor to drink Coca-Cola instead of milk. Perhaps the strongest argument that can be made in defence of MNCs point out that in the long run, they are destined to get caught in dilemmas from which there is no obvious escape. Take, for example, the focus by critics on the enormous profits that they repatriate. If MNCs respond to this criticism by bkeeping that money in the host countries and reinvesting it there, they are unlikely to boost their own popularity. Continuous reinvestment will eventually become very threatening in the host country as MNCs expand and take over larger shares of domestic markets. If MNCs avoid capital-intensive technology and turn to more labour intensive production techniques, critics complain that they are using poor countries as dumping ground for obsolete technology. In general, the longer a MNC stays in a developing country, the more reasons there will be for it to become unpopular. When they first arrive, they create jobs and face the risk of failure. But after they have become established, the risks are minimal, and they seem to be sitting there raking in enormous profits. If the MNC hires many local people for important positions of responsibility, this is likely to speed the day when the nationals feel they can run the subsidiary on their own, without the help of the MNC. If the MNC keeps citizens of the host country out of management positions, that may lead even more quickly to antagonism on the part of the host country, whose citizens will argue that MNC’s employment policies are designed to keep them in a position of permanent subordination and dependence. That subsidiaries of MNCs in developing countries will become unpopular seems all but inevitable, but that unpopularity is not necessarily deserved. They may serve for engines of development even if they provoke antagonism and opposition. Many researchers have tried to determine the overall impact of MNCs in developing economies by statistically analysing the relationship between foreign investments and economic performance . Some have found that foreign investments in Third World countries retards economic growth; additional analyses reveal correlations between foreign investments and inequalities in the distribution of wealth. But the weight of contrary evidence is such that conclusions regarding these controversies must be even more than normally tentative . Albert Szymansky concludes that much of the empirical work reporting deleterious effects of foreign investment â€Å"in reality†¦ demonstrates nothing more than how easy it is to produce just about any conceivable results with multivariate computer analysis- if one is willing to throw in enough control variables and utilise enough different sets of countries† . Although this comment may be insensitive to many complex problems that can make simple, seemingly more straightforward analyses even more misleading, it does voice what seems to be an increasingly common opinion about the impact of MNC investment in developing countries: the nature of the impact depends on how the government of a given country deals with it. (And how is dealt with is not inevitably determined by the presence of the investment. ) In other words, MNC investments can have bad effects, but dealt with effectively, they also can bring substantial benefits. As Robert Gilpin concludes, MNCs are â€Å"neither as positive nor as negative in their impact on development as liberals or their critics suggests. Foreign direct investment can help or hinder, but the major determinants of economic development lie within LDCs (less-developed countries) themselves† . However, dependency theorists would disagree. Their basic argument is that foreign investment, or any other economic contact that poor countries have with the world’s economic system, particularly with the rich, capitalist, industrialised countries, has almost uniformly disastrous effects on the economic and political fortunes of those countries. How to cite Globalization Between Rich and Poor Countries, Essay examples

Lizzie Borden Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Lizzie Borden Argumentative Essay L I z z I e B o r d e nA little over a century ago a gruesome double murder was committed, in the 2- story house at 92 Second Street, in Fall River, Massachusetts. This crime shocked the nation as Lizzie Borden, a 32-year-old Sunday school teacher, went on trial for the murder of her father and her stepmother. An all male jury eventually acquitted her on the accusations. To this day, the murderer of Andrew J. Borden and Abby Gray Borden is still unknown, but in the public mind everyone believes it was Lizzie Borden. Lizzie was born and grew up in Fall River, Mass. She was the youngest daughter of Andrew Jackson Borden, who was a very successful Banker and Sarah Morse Borden. Sarah died when Lizzie was very young and Andrew then married Abby Durfee Gray. Lizzie grew up with an elder sister, Emma. Neither of them has ever married. The sisters hated their stepmother, mainly because of the familys inferior social position. On the day of August 4, 1892, the bodies of Andrew Borden and his wife were found mutilated. As opposed to 40 whacks, in the popular rhyme, 19 blows struck Abby Borden by a hatchet or axe to the back of her head and neck. At the time she was cleaning the guestroom of the family home, at 9:30 am. Andrew Borden, who had returned home around 10:30 am, after his daily business had been attended to, was either napping or reading the newspaper on a couch in the parlor, when he was attacked. 11 blows were rained upon Mr. Bordens head and face, to the point that one eye hung from its socket upon his cheek, and his close friend and physician, Dr. Bowen, couldnt recognize him. There were only two people in or about the house at the time of the killings, Lizzie Andrew Borden and Bridget Sullivan, the Bordens maid. There is some speculation as to others that may have been responsible for these heinous acts. Among the other alleged killers are John Morse, the brother of Andrews first wife, a secret lover Lizzie was said to have, though never named, Emma Borden, Lizzies elder sister, and William Borden, who, while legally Andrews second cousin, was rumored to really be his illegitimate son. Soon after the murders, Lizzie emerged as the prime suspect after John Morses alibi checked out. She then was arrested and tried on three counts, the murder of Abbey, of Andrew, and of them both and, if found guilty, faced death by hanging. Six days after the murders occurred, she went to court. The all-male jury was put into a difficult position. It was the Victorian Era where women were considered delicate flowers and not capable of killing someone and it was not a common or working class woman they were to judge guilty or innocent, it was a wealthy society lady. After only an hour of deliberating, the jury declared Lizzie to be not guilty. It is said it only took them 15 minutes to decide, but out of respect for the prosecution, they waited another 45 minutes before they informed the court of their decision. What makes the Fall River murders so perplexing is that the motive, the weapon and the opportunity for such a crime are all seemingly absent. When the Fall River constabulary investigated the murders, they found no money or jewelry missing, not even small amounts of change or the packet of bus tickets as were taken in the daytime break-in at the Borden home twelve months earlier. Later, Prosecuting Attorney Knowlton hired a machinist who spent two days cracking open Andrew Bordens safe in hopes of finding a missing will disinheriting both daughters. But Borden died intestate, leaving Lizzie and Emma to inherit his entire fortune. .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a , .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a .postImageUrl , .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a , .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a:hover , .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a:visited , .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a:active { border:0!important; } .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a:active , .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Does Congress Have Too Much Power Over Commerce? EssayBesides the lack of a clear motive for the murders, there was also the disconcerting lack of opportunity. Fall River found the entire Borden house locked up as usual, and during the two-and-a-half-hour period in which both murders were completed, the maid Bridget was outside the house washing windows and daughter Lizzie was inside the house reading a magazine. Even if one of the two committed the crime, the violent and bloody act should have been noisy enough to attract the attention of the other. Shortly after the trial, Emma and Lizzie each inherited half of their fathers estate, about $200,000.00 each, a large sum in those days. Their first purchase was a home on The Hill, at 7 French Street, which Lizzie named Maplecroft. While at the time, Lizzie was said to have never had a thought of moving away from Fall River, in her later years, friends said she had questioned her decision to stay. Lizzie became a social outcast after the trial, with few friends remaining loyal. Her every move was scrutinized: if she appeared solemn in public, it was because she was guilt-ridden because of her crime; if she was happy, it proved she was a heartless monster. Soon, the only shopping trips she made were to the larger cities, such as Boston, Providence and New York. Lizzie refused to give newspaper interviews, in the hope that perhaps the attention that was constantly focused upon her would go away. But people were always hungry for gossip about Lizzie, and the papers were all too happy to print any and all rumors that were circulating about her, and if there werent one, the paper would create a new piece of gossip. Among these rumors were tales of supposed engagements and accusations of shoplifting. These papers never seemed willing to print tales of her good deeds, such as her many charitable donations, her aide to deserving young people who could not afford a college education. Nor did they print stories of her love of animals, or of the arts. Lizzie enjoyed going to the theatre, and was an avid fan of Nance ONeil, a stage and silent film actress of the day. It was a party thrown for Nance and the members of her acting troupe that caused Emma to move from Maplecroft in 1905. Emma, being a quiet and timid woman, simply could not abide by the rowdiness of Lizzies newfound friends. Little has been written about the friendship between Lizzie and Nance, though rumors abound that they were in fact lovers for a brief time. It is nearly impossible to say whether or not this is true. At the same time, however, Lizzie may have become very lonely. How many men were likely to call on a woman that may have killed her father and stepmother? Perhaps out of desperation, Lizzie sought comfort and love in the arms of another woman. By many reports, Lizzie and Emma had little or no communication after Emma left Maplecroft. Emma moved to Newmarket, New Hampshire, and the two sisters never saw each other again. Lizzie died on June 1, 1927, at the age of 67. Emma did not attend the funeral, because on the day of Lizzies death, she had fallen and suffered a broken hip. Emma died on June 21, 1927 at the age of 76, just ten days after Lizzie. Both were buried in the Borden family plot, in Fall Rivers Oak Grove Cemetery. Andrew Borden lies between Sarah and Abbey, his wives, while Li zzie and Emma are at his feet. A grant made to the city of Fall River in Lizzies will pays for the perpetual upkeep of the plot.

Louis D Rubin On free essay sample

Louis D. Rubin On Ode To The Confederate Dead Essay, Research Paper Louis D. Rubin, Jr. That verse form is # 8216 ; about # 8217 ; solipsism, a philosophical philosophy which says that we make the universe in the act of comprehending it ; or about Narcissism, or any other doctrine that denotes the failure of the human personality to work objectively in nature and society. That verse form, as Tate goes on to state about the Ode to the Confederate Dead, is besides about a adult male halting at the gate of a Confederate cemetery on a late fall afternoon. Thus the adult male at the graveyard and the Gravess in the graveyard become the symbol of the solipsism and the Self-love: Autumn is devastation in the secret plan Of a 1000 acres where these memories grow From the unlimited organic structures that are non Dead, but feed the grass row after rich row. Think of the fall that have come and gone! A symbol is something that stands for something else. We will write a custom essay sample on Louis D Rubin On or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What I want to make is to indicate out some of the relationships between the something and the something else. Richard Weaver has written of the Nashville Agrarians that they underwent a different sort of apprenticeship for their hereafter labours. They served the Muse of poesy. In a certain sense that is true, but the word apprenticeship is misdirecting in Tate # 8217 ; s case. Allen Tate did non go a poet simply in order to larn how to be an Agrarian. He was a poet while he was an Agrarian ; he continued to be a poet after his specific involvement in Agrarianism diminished, and now he has become an active communicant of the Roman Catholic Church and he is still a poet. One must take a firm stand that for Allen Tate poesy has neer been the apprenticeship for anything except poesy. Figure to yourself a adult male halting at the gate of a Confederate graveyard. . . , Tate writes in his essay Narcissus as Narcissus. He continues: . . . he pauses for a churrigueresque speculation on the depredations of clip, reasoning with the figure of the # 8216 ; blind crab. # 8217 ; This animal has mobility but no way, energy but from the human point of position, no purposeful universe to utilize it in. . . . The crab is the first hint of the nature of the moral struggle upon which the play of the verse form develops: the cut-off-ness of the modern # 8216 ; rational adult male # 8217 ; from the universe. The beastly wonder of an angel # 8217 ; s stare Turns you, like them, to lapidate, Transforms the heave air Till plunged into a heavier universe below You switch your sea-space blindly Heaving, turning like the blind crab. If the Confederate Ode is based upon a moral struggle affecting the cut-off-ness of the modern # 8216 ; rational adult male # 8217 ; from the universe, why did Tate choose as his symbol the Confederate cemetery? The reply lies in the history of the part in which Allen Tate and his fellow Fugitives and Agrarians grew up. Tate was born and reared in the Upper South, and he attended college in Nashville, Tennessee, and at that place was a symbolism in the South of his twenty-four hours cook for the request. It was the contrast, and struggle, between what the South was and traditionally had been, and what it was be givening toward. With the war of 1914-1918 the South re-entered the universe, Tate has written, # 8212 ; but gave a backward glimpse as it stepped over the boundary line: that backward glimpse gave us the Southern Renaissance, a literature conscious of the yesteryear in the present. What sort of state was the South upon which Tate and his coevalss of the early 1920s looked back at every bit good as observed around them? It was foremost of all a state with considerable historical consciousness, with instead more feeling for tradition and manners than existed elsewhere in the state. There had been a civil war merely a small over a half-century before, and the South had been severely beaten. Afterwards Southern leaders decided to emulate the ways of the vanquisher, and called for a New South of metropoliss and mills. Such Southern intellectuals as there were went along with the strategy. Work force of letters like Walter Hines Page and John Spencer Bassett preached that one time the provincialism of the Southern writer was thrown off, and the Southern adult male of letters was willing to bury Appomattox Court House and Chickamauga, so Southern literature would come into its ain. When it came to calculating a literary Renaissance in the South. Bassett and his friends were perfectly right, but they could non hold been more misguided about the signifier that it would take. What brought about the Renaissance # 8212 ; what there was in the clip and topographic point that made possible an Allen Tate and a William Faulkner and a Donald Davidson and a John Ransom and a Robert Penn Warren and an Andrew Lytle and three twelve other Southern authors # 8212 ; was non the eager willingness to ape the ways of the Industrial East, but instead the repugnance against the necessity of holding to make so in order to populate among their fellow Southerners. By 1920 and thenceforth the South was changing, so that Tate # 8217 ; s modern Southerner standing at the gate of a Confederate military graveyard was forced to compare what John Spencer Bassett had one time termed the worn out thoughts of a disregarded system with what had replaced that system. And what had taken its topographic point was what Tate and his fellow Agrarians have been shouting out against of all time since: the industrial. commercially-minded modern civilisation, in which faith and ritual and tradition and order were quickly being superseded by the worship of acquiring and disbursement. Therefore the Confederate cemetery as the juncture for solipsism, and the failure of the human personality to work objectively in nature and society, because for Tate there could be no inquiry about where the immature Southern author should stand in the affair. The agricultural community that had been the Southern manner of life was with all its mistakes immensely preferred to what was taking topographic point now. As he wrote in 1936, the Southern adult male of letters can non allow himself to look upon the old system from a strictly societal point of position, or from the economic position ; to him it must look better than the system that destroyed it, better, excessively, than any system with which the modern contrivers, Marxian or any colour, wish to replace the present order. Surveying the heroic yesteryear and the empty nowadays, the immature Southerner could merely experience himself in isolation from what were now his part # 8217 ; s ways. In the words of the Confederate Ode, What shall we state who count our yearss and bow Our caputs with a commemorial suffering In the ribboned coats of inexorable felicitousness, What shall we say to the castanetss, dirty, Whose verdurous namelessness will turn? The ragged weaponries, the ragged caputs and eyes Lost in these estates of the insane viridity? The grey thin spiders come, they come and go ; In a tangle of willows without visible radiation The remarkable screech-owl # 8217 ; s tight Invisible lyric seeds the head With the ferocious mutter of their gallantry. We shall state merely the foliages Flying, dip and expire We shall state merely the foliages whispering In the unlikely mist of twilight That flies on multiple wing. . . . We are, that is, inadequate, cut off, stray ; we can non even conceive of how it was. All we can see is the foliages blowing about the headstones. So Mr. Tate # 8217 ; s modern Southerner felt. The Ode to the Confederate Dead dates from about 1926, and that was the twelvemonth, Tate recalls, that he and john Crowe Ransom began dallying with the thought of making something about the Southern state of affairs, a undertaking which shortly led to programs for the book entitled I # 8217 ; ll Take My Stand, in which Tate, Ransom, and ten other Southerners set forth Agrarian advocates for what they felt was an progressively industrialized, progressively misled South. The cardinal statement was stated in the first paragraph of the debut, which Ransom composed and to which all the participants gave acquiescence: All the articles bear in the same sense upon the book # 8217 ; s title-subject: all tend to back up a Southern manner of life as against what may be called the American or, predominating manner ; and all every bit much as agree that the best footings in which to stand for the differentiation are contained in the phrase, Agrarian versus Industrial. The job that the 12 Agrarians felt confronted the modern South was the same job, so, as that which Mr. Tate # 8217 ; s modern adult male at the cemetery gate faced. And in a really definite sense, I # 8217 ; ll Take My Stand represented their recommendations for a solution, in a peculiar clip and topographic point, of the cardinal moral job of the Ode to the Confederate Dead. The Agrarians declared in their symposium that industrialism was marauding, in that it was based on a construct of nature as something to be used. In so making, industrialism threw adult male out of his proper relationship to nature, and to God whose creative activity it was. The Agrarian wrangle, they declared, was with applied scientific discipline, which in the signifier of industrial capitalist economy had as its object the captivity of human energies. Since all activity was measured by the yardstick of fiscal addition, the industrial spirit neglected the aesthetic life. It had the consequence of brutalising labour, taking from it any possibility of enjoyment. It must be remembered that most of the Agrarians were talking non as economic experts or sociologists or regional contrivers or even as professional philosophers ; they were talking as work forces of letters. They believed that an Agrarian civilisation was the manner of life which permitted the humanistic disciplines to be an built-in and valuable societal activity, and non, as Ransom put it, intercalary and non-participating experiences. Donald Davidson wrote of the Agrarians that they sought to coerce, non so much a theory of economic sciences as a doctrine of life, in which both economic sciences and art would happen their natural topographic points and non be disassociated into abstract agencies and abstract terminals, as the pseudo-culture of the world-city would dissociate them. In an Agrarian community aesthetic activity would non be low-level to economic sciences. The creative person would be a on the job member of society, non a individual someway set apart from the mundane being of his neighbours. Nature, faith and art would be honored activities of day-to-day life, and non something otiose and outmoded, to be indulged when concern permitted. Knowledge # 8212 ; letters, acquisition, gustatory sensation, the integrated and rich comprehensiveness of emotion and mind # 8212 ; would be carried to the bosom, as Tate said in the Confederate Ode, and non an unassimilated, discordant pudding stone of fragments. In the words of the verse form, What shall we say who have knowledge Carried to the bosom? Shall we take the act To the grave? Shall we, more hopeful, set up the grave In the house? The famished grave? lt ; /p > Shall we, he is inquiring, who still possess this full cognition and who live in a universe from which we are progressively cut off by its insulation and isolation, in which we have mobility but no way, energy but no mercantile establishment # 8212 ; shall we wait for decease, or better still, tribunal it? In one sense, the plan put frontward in I # 8217 ; ll Take My Stand constituted an reply to that inquiry. But for all the book # 8217 ; s effectivity ( and 23 old ages subsequently it is having more attending from immature Southerners than of all time before in its history ) , it would be a error to believe that the Agrarian plan was the lone, or even the most of import, statement of the jobs of modern adult male as Tate and his co-workers saw them. One must ever retrieve that Tate, Ransom, Davidson and Warren were poets chiefly, non societal scientists. The topographic point to look for Allen Tate # 8217 ; s ultimate statement of positions is in his poesy. Cleanth Brooks has pointed out the relevancy of Tate # 8217 ; s poesy to this cardinal moral job. Not merely is this so in respect to capable affair, nevertheless ; we find it implicit in the poetics as good. What is the most obvious feature of the poesy 0f Tate and his co-workers? I think we find it stated, and recognized, from the really outset, in the first reappraisals of the anthology, Fugitives, published in 1928. Fleeting poesy makes one clearly experience that one of the serious and cardinal defects of 19th century poesy was that it was excessively easy, one critic wrote. Mr. Ransom, Mr. Tate and Miss [ Laura ] Riding are non for those who read and run, another referee asserted. The poet John Gould Fletcher, himself shortly to fall in the Agrarians in the symposium, declared in a reappraisal that the Fugitive poets had become the chief urge in America in the leading of a school of rational poesy replacing the free poetry experiments of the older school. The sort of poesy that Allen Tate was composing, so, represented a disciplined, rational, hard poesy, necessitating of the reader, in Tate s ain words, the fullest co-operation of all his rational resources, all his cognition of the universe, and all the continuity and watchfulness that he now thinks of giving to scientific surveies. It was hence a direct challenge to the attitude that aesthetic concerns were a subsidiary, harmless activity for those who read and run. It claimed for art as of import and as demanding a function in human personal businesss as that played by scientific discipline and concern. As Ransom wrote, art is a calling, exactly as scientific discipline is a calling. It is every bit serious, it has an attitude as official, it is as studied and back-to-back, it is by all means as hard, it is no less of import. Another feature of Tate # 8217 ; s poesy is its concentrated usage of image and metaphor, as in the concluding lines of the Confederate Ode: Leave now The shut gate and the break uping wall: The soft snake, green in the mulberry shrub, Riots with his lingua through the stillness # 8212 ; Sentinel of the grave who counts us all Of those lines Tate says that the shutting image, that of the snake, is the ancient symbol of clip, and I tried to give it the credibleness of the platitude by puting it in a mulberry shrub # 8212 ; with the swoon hope that the silkworm would someway be explicit. But clip is besides decease. If that is so, so infinite, or the Becoming, is life ; and I believe there is non a individual spatial symbol in the verse form. . . Why, though, if that is all that Tate meant, did he non compose something like the followers: Let us go forth the cemetery now. Time runs public violence there And clip brings decease to bear And wears it on its forehead. The reply is that those lines are merely the abstract statement of what Tate was stating # 8212 ; and non even that, because Tate was non merely declaring that one should non remain in a cemetery because it reminds one of clip and clip brings decease. Such a statement represents simply the message of the lines. Its intent would be to give direction refering the class of action to be followed at a graveyard gate. One may make up ones mind that it is true, which is another manner of stating that the thought expressed is in agreement with the findings of scientific discipline ; or that it is false, in which instance the advice is non-scientific and non an advantageous footing for action. If the former, the poet is non stating anything startling, and surely a clinical psychologist could show much more convincing cogent evidence of the cogency of the action than the poet would be making. And if one decides that the advice is non scientifically plausible, so what else remains? The lines contain nil but the advice ; the significance represents the lines # 8217 ; exclusive ground for being. Tate # 8217 ; s lines, nevertheless, do non merely give advice ; they do non establish their entreaty on their adaptability to advocate. They are non dependent upon any scientific cogent evidence of their propriety. Both entirely and in the context of the Ode they create their ain cogency. They do non feign to be representative of scientific cognition and cogent evidence ; they are their ain cognition and cogent evidence. They are about snakes and mulberry shrubs and close Gatess and break uping walls, and non advice to graveyard visitants. Tate # 8217 ; s poem International Relations and Security Network # 8217 ; t a mere pseudo-scientific statement, and it doesn # 8217 ; t depend upon a paraphrasis of a scientific statement, and its cogency is neither verifiable nor questionable by scientists. It city manager may non incorporate a statement of scientific truth, but that would at most be a part, merely one of a figure of parts, involved in the whole creative activity of the verse form. The verse form, hence, does non depend upon scientific discipline ; scientific discipline dramas merely a comparatively minor function. The relationship is obvious to the Agrarian belief in the equality of the aesthetic chases with the scientific. Tate and his co-workers have insisted in their poesy and unfavorable judgment that the image possesses a precedence over the abstract thought. They have taken over the pioneering work done by the Imagists and gone farther. They have been instrumental in resuscitating modern-day involvement in the Metaphysical poets of the 17th century, constructed as that poesy is with complex imagination and metaphor. An thought, Ransom has written, is derivative and tamed, whereas an image is in the wild province: we think we can put keep of image and take it confined, but the docile prisoner is non the existent image but merely the thought, which is the image with its character beaten out of it. The image, Ransom declared, is a manifold of belongingss, like a field or a mine, something to be explored for the belongingss. The scientist can utilize the manifold merely by singling out the one belongings with which he is concerned: It is non by defense but by abstraction that scientific discipline destroys the image. It means to acquire its # 8216 ; value # 8217 ; out of the image, and we may be certain that it has no usage for the image in its original province of freedom. A poesy of abstract thoughts, Tate and Ransom held, is a poesy of scientific discipline, and as such it neglects the manifold belongingss of life and nature. Merely as an economic expert used merely the particular involvements of economic sciences to construe human activity, so the poesy of thoughts was concerned with merely one portion of the whole. This led to specialisation and isolation, break uping the balance and completeness of adult male and nature into a battalion of particular involvements, cutting off work forces from the whole of life, destructing the integrity of homo being. And here we come once more to Tate # 8217 ; s chief subject in the Confederate Ode, the failure of the human personality to work objectively in nature and society, the cut-off-ness of the modern # 8216 ; rational adult male # 8217 ; from the universe. It is a changeless chorus in Tate # 8217 ; s work. In 1928, for case, we find these two sentences in a reappraisal by Tate 0f Gorham Munson # 8217 ; s Destinations, in the New Republic: Evasions of rational duty take assorted signifiers ; all signifiers seem to be general in our clip ; what they mean is the dislocation of civilization ; and there is no new order in sight which promises to replace it. The widespread cults, esoteric societies, recreational faiths, all supply easy flights from subject, easy rebellions from the traditional signifiers of civilization. And 25 old ages subsequently he is still stating merely that, as in his recent Phi Beta Kappa reference at the University 0f Minnesota: the adult male of letters must non be committed to the intolerant specialisations that the 19th century has proliferated into the modern universe: specialisations in which agencies are divorced from terminals ; action from esthesia, affair from head, society from the person, faith from moral bureau, love from lecherousness, poesy from idea, Communion from experience, and world in the community from work forces in the crowd. There is literally no terminal to this list of dissociations because there is no terminal, yet in sight, to the break uping 0f the western head. Modern adult male of the dissociated esthesia, isolated from his chaps, caught up in a life of disconnected parts and baffled urges ; therefore Allen Tate # 8217 ; s Southerner waiting at the gate of the Confederate graveyard contemplates the high glorification of Stonewall Jackson and the cryptic foot-cavalry of a twenty-four hours when ascendants of that Southerner knew what they fought for, and could decease volitionally for cognizing it: You know who have waited by the wall The dusky certainty of an animate being, Those midnight damagess of the blood You know # 8212 ; the immitigable pines, the smoky frieze Of the sky, the sudden call: you know the fury, The cold pool left by the climb inundation, Of muted Zeno and Parmenides. You who have waited for the angry declaration Of those desires that should be yours tomorrow, You know the unimportant shrift of decease And praise the vision And praise the chesty circumstance Of those who fall Rank upon rank, hurried beyond determination # 8212 ; Here by the drooping gate, stopped by the wall. Timess are non what they were, Tate # 8217 ; s Southerner at the gate realizes ; it has become about impossible even to conceive of such yearss: You hear the cry, the brainsick hemlocks point With troubled fingers to the silence which Clutters you, a ma, in clip. Even the rubric of the verse form stems from the sarcasm of the so and now ; Not merely are the metre and rime without fixed form, Tate wrote, but in another characteristic the verse form is even further removed from Pindar than Abraham Cowley was: a strictly subjective speculation would non even in Cowley # 8217 ; s age have been called an ode. I suppose in so naming it I intended an sarcasm: the scene of the verse form is non a public jubilation, it is a lone adult male by a gate. from Rubin, Southern Renascence. Copyright? 1953 by the Johns Hopkins UP.

Free Essays on Earthquakes

Earthquakes I. Seismic Waves to Study Earth’s Interior A. Travel Time, Reflection, Refraction of P & S Waves 1. Travel time of body waves gives us VP, VS, and (density) as a function of depth. 2. Velocity of P & S waves increases with depth. B. Earth’s Layered Composition 1. Crust a. Quartz, feldspar, and basalt. b. Continental Crust Mostly quartz and feldspar. Lower density than oceanic crust. Variable thickness (10-50 km). c. Oceanic Crust Mostly basalt. Higher density than continental crust. Uniform thickness (10 km). d. Isostacy Crust floats in equilibrium on the denser mantle beneath. 2. Mantle a. Ultramafic Rocks Olivine. Pyroxene. b. Low velocity zone: Convection in mantle distributes heat evenly. c. Polymorphic phase transition 400 km and 660 km. Pressure changes the crystal structure of minerals causing a slow in seismic wave velocity. 3. Core a. Core-Mantle boundary 2913 km. b. Nickel and FE. c. Inner core is 6271 km deep. d. Outer core boundary is 2900 km deep. e. Liquid outer core TM: Melting temperature of ultramafic rocks. S waves cannot propagate through the outer core (liquid). Iron, oxygen, and silicon. C. Mantle is mostly olivine. 1. Seismic waves a. VS, VP, and measured in lab match seismic measurements. 2. Zenolith a. Mantle rocks found in volcanoes with deep roots contain olivine. b. Kimberlite Volcanoes Mantle material brought up very quickly contains olivine and diamonds. Do not erupt anymore. 3. Ophiolite Suite a. Oceanic crest that’s been abducted onto continental crust contains olivine and the moho. 4. Primitive meteorites a. Examining carboneous chondrites (primitive meteorites) with olivine. D. Iron Catastrophy 1. This is how the earth became layered. 2. 4.3 billion years ago. II. Interpreting Seismograms A. Seismograms 1. Short period instruments: T 1 second (body waves).... Free Essays on Earthquakes Free Essays on Earthquakes Earthquakes Throughout history, man has made many advancements. These advancements have been made to make life easier. The one thing man can't do is to control Mother Nature. Mother Nature can cause many things such as earthquakes. The causes of earthquakes have been theorized in many ways. According to the book Predicting Earthquakes by Gregory Vogt, the Greeks, "blamed the earthquakes on Poseidon, god of the sea"(25). The Hindu believed that "the earth was a platform that rested on the back of eight great elephants. When one of the elephants grew weary, it lowered and shook its head causing the ground above to tremble"(Vogt 25). Margaret Poynter writes "many primitive people thought that the earth rested upon the back of some sort of animal. When that animal became restless, great cracks appeared in the ground, and tall trees swayed and fell. In South America, the animal was a whale. In Japan, it was a great black spider or giant catfish. One ancient tribe thought that four bulls supported the earth on their horns. To amuse themselves, they sometimes tossed it from one to another"(6). In the same book, Poynter says "The Chinese believed that monsters lived in the caves inside the earth. When the creatures fought, the surface of the earth trembled (6)." "In Greece, it was not an animal, but a titan named Atlas who was condemned to support the world upon his shoulders. Later, about the third century B.C., a Greek philosopher, Aristotle, had a more scientific explanation. He thought that earthquakes occurred only when hot air masses tried to escape from the center of the earth. Two centuries later, Lucretius, a Roman, wrote that underground landslides caused the earth's surface to move"(Poynter 7).2 Last Name Today, scientists have found a more logical reason to earthquakes. Scientists say almost 600 million years ago, all the continents were connected to form a huge super continent c... Free Essays on Earthquakes Until the 18th century, earthquakes were thought to be caused by air rushing out of caverns deep in the Earth's interior (Watson). But we all know that is not how an earthquake happens. The earth’s surface is broken into seven large plates (â€Å"Major plates in the world†). There are also many other little plates on the surface but seven main ones. Each one of these plates is approximately 50 miles thick and moves against each other a few inches a year (USGS). The seven main plates in the world are: Eurasian plate, Pacific plate, North American plate, Nazca plate, South American plate, Australian plate, and Antarctic plate (Major plates in the world). When the plates move against each other, it’s not just your average plate rubbing. There are three different types of movements at the boundaries of the plates: convergent, divergent and transform-fault (â€Å"Major plates in the world†). A convergent movement is when plates move tword each other and colide. An example is when an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate. The oceanic plate slides under the continental plate making a huge ocean trench. This is called a subduction and you can find it where the Nazca plate and the continental Sout American plate (â€Å"Major plates in the world†). When continental plates collide, they form new major mountain systems such as the Himalyans (Watson). A divergent movement is when plates move away from each other. The mid-Atlantic ridge is from a divergent movement (â€Å"Major plates int the world†). When plates diverge, hot molten rock rises, cools, and fills in the emty spaces adding new formation to the edges of the oceanic plates (Watson). This is also known as sea-floor spreading. (â€Å"Major plates in the world†). A transform movement is when two plates move horizontal on each other A perfect example of this is the San Andreas fault (â⠂¬Å"Major plates in the world†). Los Angelas lies on the Pacific plate and is slowly moving... Free Essays on Earthquakes Earthquakes I. Seismic Waves to Study Earth’s Interior A. Travel Time, Reflection, Refraction of P & S Waves 1. Travel time of body waves gives us VP, VS, and (density) as a function of depth. 2. Velocity of P & S waves increases with depth. B. Earth’s Layered Composition 1. Crust a. Quartz, feldspar, and basalt. b. Continental Crust Mostly quartz and feldspar. Lower density than oceanic crust. Variable thickness (10-50 km). c. Oceanic Crust Mostly basalt. Higher density than continental crust. Uniform thickness (10 km). d. Isostacy Crust floats in equilibrium on the denser mantle beneath. 2. Mantle a. Ultramafic Rocks Olivine. Pyroxene. b. Low velocity zone: Convection in mantle distributes heat evenly. c. Polymorphic phase transition 400 km and 660 km. Pressure changes the crystal structure of minerals causing a slow in seismic wave velocity. 3. Core a. Core-Mantle boundary 2913 km. b. Nickel and FE. c. Inner core is 6271 km deep. d. Outer core boundary is 2900 km deep. e. Liquid outer core TM: Melting temperature of ultramafic rocks. S waves cannot propagate through the outer core (liquid). Iron, oxygen, and silicon. C. Mantle is mostly olivine. 1. Seismic waves a. VS, VP, and measured in lab match seismic measurements. 2. Zenolith a. Mantle rocks found in volcanoes with deep roots contain olivine. b. Kimberlite Volcanoes Mantle material brought up very quickly contains olivine and diamonds. Do not erupt anymore. 3. Ophiolite Suite a. Oceanic crest that’s been abducted onto continental crust contains olivine and the moho. 4. Primitive meteorites a. Examining carboneous chondrites (primitive meteorites) with olivine. D. Iron Catastrophy 1. This is how the earth became layered. 2. 4.3 billion years ago. II. Interpreting Seismograms A. Seismograms 1. Short period instruments: T 1 second (body waves).... Free Essays on Earthquakes Earthquakes Earthquakes have plagued our lives for as long as people have inhabited the earth. These dangerous acts of the earth have been the cause of many deaths in the past century. So what can be done about these violent eruptions that take place nearly with out warning? Predicting an earthquake until now has almost been technologically impossible. With improvements in technology, lives have been saved and many more will. All that remains is to research what takes place before, during, and after an earthquake. This has been done for years to the point now that a successful earthquake prediction was made and was accurate. This paper will discuss a little about earthquakes in general and then about how predictions are made. Earthquake, â€Å"vibrations produced in the earth's crust when rocks in which elastic strain has been building up suddenly rupture, and then rebound.†(Associated Press 1993) The vibrations can range from barely noticeable to catastrophically destructive. Six kinds o f shock waves are generated in the process. Two are classified as body waves-that is, they travel through the earth's interior-and the other four are surface waves. The waves are further differentiated by the kinds of motions they impart to rock particles. Primary or compressional waves (P waves) send particles oscillating back and forth in the same direction as the waves are traveling, whereas secondary or transverse shear waves (S waves) impart vibrations perpendicular to their direction of travel. P waves always travel at higher velocities than S waves, so whenever an earthquake occurs, P waves are the first to arrive and to be recorded at geophysical research stations worldwide.(Associated Press 1993) Earthquake waves were observed in this and other ways for centuries, but more scientific theories as to the causes of quakes were not proposed until modern times. One such concept was advanced in 1859 by the Irish engineer Rob...

Building Sustainable Communities Through Green Action Plans Research Paper

Building Sustainable Communities Through Green Action Plans - Research Paper Example Technology has evolved to such a magnitude that people are now able to intensively and extensively exploit each and every aspect of their environment. This is evidenced by the rapid population increase where it is estimated that the global population would stand at about nine billion by 2070 from the current six billion (Harrell). Other potential negative impacts of over-exploitation of the environment include a decline in the vital ecosystems. Thirdly, such over-exploitation of the natural environment has led to global climate change with the climate changing to the extremes. Taking into account the aforementioned consequences of unsustainable human practices, there is no doubt that human life is jeopardized. For these very reasons, the time is now to take action. If the people of the world want to continue to live on this planet in the future, the creation of sustainable communities through green action plans is an imperative key for human survival. Sustainability initiative through green actions is indispensable for human survival. The UN World Commission on the Environment and Development defines sustainable development as that which â€Å"meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs† (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). The concept of sustainability thus entail all those efforts to find a mid-point whereby there is a balance between what humanity demands from the ecosystem and the ability of this ecosystem to replenish itself. Taking more from the environmental without allowing for replenishment of what has been taken will eventually lead to the depletion of the system. With a depleted environment, the future generations will have to labor in scarcity and these could eventually lead to an end to humanity.